Spinal deformity refers to abnormal curvature or alignment of the spine. This can include conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, or imbalance of the spine. Some patients have minimal symptoms, while others may develop pain, functional limitations, or neurologic issues.
Quick Facts:
- Can affect children or adults
- May involve curvature, imbalance, or both
- Many cases are mild and monitored over time
- Treatment depends on symptoms, progression, and function
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WHAT IS SPINAL DEFORMITY?
The spine is normally aligned to support the body and allow efficient movement.
Spinal deformity occurs when:
- The spine curves abnormally (side-to-side or forward/backward)
- The body’s alignment is shifted
- The spine loses its normal balance
Common types include:
- Scoliosis – side-to-side curvature
- Kyphosis – forward curvature (hunching)
- Sagittal imbalance – difficulty standing upright
👉 The key issue is not just the curve, but how it affects function and quality of life
IS THIS SERIOUS?
Spinal deformity varies widely in severity.
Mild Cases
- Minimal symptoms
- Often monitored over time
- May not require treatment
Moderate Cases
- Back pain
- Fatigue with standing
- Postural changes
More Severe Cases
- Significant imbalance
- Difficulty standing or walking
- Nerve compression or neurologic symptoms
👉 The most important question is how the deformity affects function and progression
SYMPTOMS
Common Symptoms
- Back pain
- Fatigue with standing
- Visible curvature or posture changes
- Uneven shoulders or hips
Functional Symptoms
- Difficulty standing upright
- Leaning forward or to one side
- Reduced ability to walk long distances
When Nerves Are Affected
- Leg pain
- Numbness or tingling
- Weakness
🚨 When to Seek Prompt Evaluation
- Progressive deformity
- Worsening pain
- Difficulty walking
- Neurologic symptoms
👉 These may indicate progression or nerve involvement
CAUSES & RISK FACTORS
Spinal deformity can develop from several causes.
Common Causes
Degenerative (Adult)
- Age-related changes in discs and joints
- Gradual loss of alignment
Idiopathic (Often in Adolescents)
- Unknown cause
- May progress during growth
Other Causes
- Prior spine surgery
- Trauma
- Congenital conditions
Risk Factors
- Aging
- Osteoporosis
- Prior spinal conditions
HOW IS THIS DIAGNOSED?
A. Clinical Evaluation
Diagnosis begins with:
- History of symptoms
- Physical examination
- Assessment of posture and alignment
B. Imaging
- Standing X-rays (most important) to assess alignment and curvature
- MRI if neurologic symptoms are present
- CT scan in select cases
👉 Standing alignment is critical to understanding deformity
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Treatment depends on:
- Severity of deformity
- Symptoms
- Progression over time
- Impact on daily function
A. Non-Surgical Treatment
Many patients can be managed without surgery.
Common approaches include:
- Physical therapy
- Core strengthening
- Posture training
- Pain management
- Activity modification
👉 The goal is to improve function and reduce symptoms
B. When Is Surgery Considered?
Surgery may be considered when:
- Deformity is progressive
- Pain significantly affects quality of life
- There is neurologic involvement
- There is significant imbalance
C. Surgical Options
When surgery is needed, it may involve:
- Realignment of the spine
- Stabilization with instrumentation
- Fusion of affected segments
👉 These procedures are typically more complex and require careful planning
OUR APPROACH
At STLMISC, I focus on individualized, thoughtful management of spinal deformity.
- Not all deformities require treatment
- The decision to treat is based on symptoms, function, and progression
- I emphasize conservative care when appropriate
- When surgery is needed, it is carefully planned to maximize benefit and minimize risk
👉 The goal is to restore balance, function, and quality of life
WHAT TO EXPECT
Before Treatment
- Evaluation of alignment and symptoms
- Standing imaging to assess deformity
During Non-Surgical Care
- Focus on strength, posture, and symptom control
- Monitoring for progression
If Surgery Is Needed
- Detailed planning
- Gradual recovery process
- Focus on restoring alignment and function
OUTCOMES & RISKS
Outcomes
- Many patients manage symptoms without surgery
- Surgical outcomes can significantly improve function and alignment
- Results depend on severity and overall health
Risks of Untreated Severe Deformity
- Progressive pain
- Loss of function
- Increasing imbalance
- Nerve compression
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Does spinal deformity always get worse?
Not always. Some cases remain stable.
Do I need surgery?
Most patients do not need surgery.
What is the goal of treatment?
To improve function, reduce pain, and maintain alignment.
Are these surgeries high risk?
They are more complex and require careful evaluation and planning.
FOR REFERRING PHYSICIANS
- Refer patients with:
- Progressive spinal deformity
- Persistent back pain with alignment changes
- Neurologic symptoms
- Prior spine surgery with worsening alignment
- Imaging:
- Standing scoliosis X-rays
- MRI if neurologic symptoms
- Urgent referral for:
- Progressive neurologic deficits
- Severe functional limitation
RELATED CONDITIONS / PROCEDURES
- Scoliosis
- Kyphosis
- Spondylolisthesis
- Lumbar Degeneration
- Spinal Fusion Surgery
CALL TO ACTION
👉 Request an Appointment
👉 Refer a Patient